Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.     

Preparation and microstructure of CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels and xerogels as catalyst carriers

CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels and xerogels were prep ared using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as Si source, and aqueous solution of Cu, Co and Mn acetates as the precursor via sol-gel process, CO2 supercritical drying (SCD) technique or ambient pressure drying techniqu e. The microstructure of the CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels and xerogels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The specific surface area, pore size and pore size distribution of the nanocomposite aerogels and xerogels were determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The results showed that CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels are porous, with a pore size distribution of 2 ? 50 nm, an average pore size of 19.4 nm, a specific surface area of 384.9 m²/g and a particle size distribution of 10 ? 150 nm, whereas the pore size distribution of CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 composite xerogels is 1.7?128.6 nm, the average pore size is only 9.9 nm, the specific surface area is only 99.1 m²/g, and the particle size distribution is 100? 500 nm. The structure of CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels is favorable to increase the loading of catalysts.     

SiO2气凝胶的溶胶-凝胶/共沸蒸馏法制备及表征

以工业水玻璃为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶和共沸蒸馏的方法在常压下制备SiO2气凝胶,研究制备条件对SiO2气凝胶性能的影响.结果表明,当溶液体系的pH值为4.5,添加2 mL甲酰胺作为干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA),并以正丁醇与凝胶中的水为共沸蒸发介质时,所制备的SiO2气凝胶具有典型的气凝胶结构特征,经分析SiO2气凝胶的...     

超级绝热型防火材料的研究进展及其在城市地下空间的应用展望

超级绝热型防火材料,是一种具有纳米孔隙结构及超低导热系数的无机材料,可分为溶胶-凝胶法气凝胶复合材料和气相法氧化物纳米粉末基材料两种.其基础组成氧化物为SiO2和更高熔点的Al2 O3、ZrO2,且研究发现合适的复合组元比单组元在火灾温度下具有更好的耐热稳定性.红外遮光剂是显著降低材料高温导热系数的关键组分,通过比红外消光系数测定以及基于Mie散射理论等的数值计算为红外遮光剂的合理选择提供了依据.超级绝热型防火材料,具有高效防火的特点,只要很小的厚度就能达到较高的耐火等级.随着气凝胶材料从超临界干燥向常压干燥的发展,以及超级绝热型防火材料总体生产成本的降低,这种材料将在城市地下空间被动防火系统中发挥重要的作用.     

Design and optimization of transparent scattering solar concentrator based on SiO2 aerogel

Scattering solar concentrators (SSCs), an important component of transparent/translucent photovoltaic devices, can concentrate large-area sunlight on small-area solar cells while allowing some sunlight to pass through the devices. However, owing to the lack of suitable scattering materials, there have been few reports on SSCs in recent years. In this study, we fabricated SiO₂ aerogel-based SSCs and tested their performances. The photoelectric performance was found to be moderate. Additionally, the results demonstrated excellent transmittance and color rendering index, which meet the lighting requirements of the windows. A Monte Carlo ray tracing program was developed to simulate an SSC and analyze the fate of all photons. We also analyzed the multiple scattering mechanism in SSCs that damages the photoelectric efficiency of a device via theoretical simulation. Finally, we proposed an anisotropic scattering device that can increase the primary scattering and suppress multiple scattering, resulting in excellent photoelectric efficiency.     

环境气压干燥新工艺快速合成SiO2气凝胶研究

以廉价的水玻璃为硅源，用乙醇（EtOH）／三甲基氯硅烷（TMCS）／庚烷混合溶液浸泡水凝胺，使对水凝胶的溶剂交换和表面改性在一步完成，在环境干燥条件下合成了SiO2气凝肢．所合成的SiO2气凝肢为轻质透明的块状固体，密度为0．128～0．165g／cm^3，孔隙率92．4％～94．2％．利用FT—IR、SEM、TEM和BET吸附对气凝肢的微观结构和形貌进行了研究，结果表明，气凝胶为纳米介孔结构，粒子直径和孔径分布均匀，断面呈现明显的蜂窝状结构，孔径13nm左右，比表面积约618m^2／g，表面带有较多的Si—CH3基团．     

干燥控制化学添加剂在制备硅气凝胶中的应用

以硅溶胶为主要原料,通过硅溶胶体系的凝胶过程中添加干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA),并结合非超临界干燥技术制备了硅气凝胶,研究了DCCA对凝胶过程和最终所得气凝胶品质的影响。DCCA能使凝胶的生成时间增加,凝胶结构均匀化,构成凝胶的基本微粒的粒径有所减小。在一定的DCCA添加量范围内,随着DCCA添加量的增加,所得气凝胶样品的密度有所减小,比表面积增加,微观结构变得更加完善,孔分布也更加集中。不同DCCA对气凝胶品质的影响规律不尽相同,气凝胶的品质就有可能通过调节添加DCCA的种类和量得到控制。     

用气凝胶形式保存纳米TiO2光催化剂防团聚的研究

以钛酸正丁酯为原料,用溶胶—凝胶过程超临界CO2萃取法制备具有锐钛矿晶型结构的纳米TiO2气凝胶,用XRD、TEM、BET等分别对初生态气凝胶粒子、在常态下以气凝胶形式保存了360d的TiO2纳米粒子及以初生态气凝胶的粉体保存了360d的TiO2粒子进行表征,以光催化降解罗丹明B为模型反应.结果表明,以气凝胶形式保存纳米粒子能有力地防止纳米粒子的团聚,并基本保持初生态气凝胶粒子光催化降解罗丹明B的能力.     

8—羟基喹啉铝处于SiO2气凝胶纳米孔中的光谱特性研究

制备了块状的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶,把具有很好电致发光（ＥＬ）和光致发光（ＰＬ）性能的８－羟基喹啉铝渗入到气凝胶的纳米孔洞中,可见－紫外吸收光谱表明８－羟基喹啉铝在ＳｉＯ２气凝胶的纳米孔洞中发生了化学吸附,且吸附作用随着气凝胶密度的减小而增强：ＰＬ谱中８－羟基喹啉铝的光致发射谱峰从４７０ｎｍ移至４５０ｎｍ。     

正丁胺对Tio2／Sio2气凝胶光催化活性的影响

用溶胶 -凝胶法、超临界干燥技术合成了不同组成的TiO2 /SiO2 气凝胶材料 ,通过模板剂正丁胺调变其孔结构和孔分布 ,利用N2 吸附法、X -射线衍射法和激光拉曼光谱表征了气凝胶的比表面积、孔分布、晶相结构以及TiO2 的分散状态 .用流动法考察了在TiO2 /SiO2 气凝胶上CO光催化氧化反应的活性 ,并讨论了结构调变对提高催化活性的影响 .